Advanced Structures & Composites Center

Published: 2024

Publication Name: MDPI

Publication URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/21/7706/pdf

Abstract:

Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural polymer that has driven significant progress in recent years
in the study of the mechanical properties of composites, including cement composites. Impressive
mechanical properties, ability to compact the cement matrix, low density, biodegradability, and
hydrophilicity of the surface of nanocellulose particles (which improves cement hydration) are some
of the many benefits of using NCs in composite materials. The authors briefly presented a description
of the types of NCs (including the latest, little-known shapes), showing the latest developments in
their manufacture and modification. Moreover, NC challenges and opportunities are discussed to
reveal its hidden potential, as well as the use of spherical and square/rectangular nanocellulose
to modify cement composites. Intending to emphasize the beneficial use of NC in cementitious
composites, this article discusses NC as an eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient material, particularly
for recycling readily available cellulosic waste. In view of the constantly growing interest in using
renewable and waste materials in a wide range of applications, the authors hope to provide progress
in using nanocellulose (NC) as a modifier for cement composites. Furthermore, this review highlights
a gap in research regarding the preparation of new types of NCs, their application, and their impact
on the properties of cementitious composites. Finally, the authors summarize and critically evaluate
the type, dosage, and application method of NC, as well as the effects of these variables on the final
properties of NC-derived cement composites. Nevertheless, this review article stresses up-to-date
challenges for NC-based materials as well as future remarks in light of dwindling natural resources
(including building materials), and the principles of a circular economy.